Economic Freedom Essays

1. Adam Smith and Karl Marx were perhaps the most well-known economists of their time, however, their viewpoints on economics and economic development differed to a great extent. Adam Smith is most famous as a founder of the Classical Economics and a strong supporter of economic freedom and trade. Unlike mercantilists, Adam Smith tried to establish principles, which could benefit the whole nation, rather than some individuals. In his book â€Å"Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations† he introduces the term â€Å"system of natural liberty†, which is equivalent to the current definition of capitalism. According to Smith economic freedom is a prerequisite for competitiveness and prosperity. He considered all kinds of interventions into the mechanism of the market unfavourable, since they destroyed the balance, which was established by the so called â€Å"invisible hand†. People in a free market were assumed to make rational decisions, which were based on self-interest (Twigg). Karl Marx, on the other hand, was a supporter of socialism/communism in economics and a fierce anti-capitalist. His theory advocated collective or governmental ownership of the factors of production and asserted that labour was the key element in determining the real value of goods/services. He was strongly opposing the capitalistic society of the 19th century, which separated people into social classes and favoured the rich. Communism, according to Marx, had no classes, therefore there was no competition in the society and everyone got free access to all the available resources (Twigg). Although capitalist and communist societies differ greatly, some of the aspects of the theories by Karl Marx and Adam Smith can be found similar. Thus, in both of them labour is considered the key element for calculating the product value. Moreover, they were both trying to achieve extended benefits for the society as a whole, however they were doing it through different means. The success of these two theories could be now assessed looking back at the economic development patterns. Pure capitalism in the nineteenth century led to mass exploitation of the working class by the rich and to further widening of the income gap. Karl Marx’s communism could not be implemented successfully in the real world either, and it resulted in a collapse of many communism-oriented countries. However, the ideas of Karl Marx and Adam Smith have not lost their relevance because of their unsuccessful implementation. They have found reflection in the economic policies of most contemporary countries, which try to create a functional economic policy based on the two models. Thus, free trade and competition are currently pursued by many countries in the world, while limiting â€Å"the invisible hand† by introducing governmental regulations of working conditions, trade regime and income redistribution. Therefore, neither pure communism nor pure capitalism has a chance to exist, since they are only models, which represent the reality in an oversimplified way. However, both of them can be incorporated into a hybrid model, which would be able to reflect the needs of the modern world and to ensure country’s successful development and economic prosperity (Twigg). 2. Dr. Lawson, one of the developers of the â€Å"Economic Freedom of the World† index believes that economic liberty, advocated by Adam Smith, is a crucial element of economic development even today. Economic freedom, according to Lawson, is a system, which consists of free trade, property rights, private property, free markets and the rule of law. The role of government, in this case, is limited to protecting rights and providing infrastructure for further development. The results of the economic freedom assessment show that countries, which have adhered to the principles of capitalism, are usually doing much better than those, where economic and political freedom are still lagging behind. Thus, countries with high ranking in economic freedom usually have higher average income per-capita and economic growth rates, than in the countries with low rating. Income inequality in less free countries does not differ significantly from that in the economically and politically free co untries, therefore the basic argument against economic liberalization fails to hold in reality. However, poor people in free countries have a per-capita income approximately 10% higher than the poor in the least economically free countries. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the poor contribute from economic freedom just as much as the rich. 3. Bahrain has been ranked 11th in the level of economic freedom out of 141 countries, which were considered for the Economic Freedom of the World: 2011 Annual Report. Its score of 7,59 placed Bahrain right below the United States of America and above such European countries as Germany and Finland. The country has seen a significant improvement from 2005, when it ranked only 54th.   Such results were achieved through gradual, but consistent improvement in the area of access to sound money and through stable high levels of freedom in governmental size, security of property rights, freedom of international trade as well as in credit, labour and business freedom. Although the overall rating indicates a relatively high degree of economic and political freedom, there are still some aspects, which need further improvement, especially in the areas â€Å"size of government† and â€Å"legal structures and security of property rights†. Thus, governmental consumption is very hig h in Bahrain, which indicates that personal choice is being substituted by governmental decisions and provisions. The number of governmental enterprises in the economy also indicates that there is a large degree of centralized decision-making. The impartiality of the courts is another concern for Bahrain, because inability to provide impartial court system undermines the rule of law and the security of property rights. Hiring and firing laws in Bahrain should be also reconsidered, since they limit economic freedom in the country. Lastly, price control in Bahrain indicates high level of governmental intervention and infringes economic freedom. The improvement in the abovementioned areas could benefit the overall rating of Bahrain and increase economic and political freedom in the country (Gwartney, Lawson Hall, 2011). References Gwartney, J., Lawson, R., Hall, J. (2011). Economic freedom of the world: 2011 Annual report. Vancouver, B.C.: Fraser Institute. Retrieved from   http://www.freetheworld.com/2011/reports/world/EFW2011_complete.pdf Twigg, L. M. (n.d.). Karl Marx versus Adam Smith. Retrieved from http://rebirthofreason.com/Articles/twigg/Karl_Marx_versus_Adam_Smith.shtml

Essay about Emily Dickinson Poem Analysis - 572 Words

The Last Night that She Lived nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;After evaluating my perception of The Last Night that She Lived, by Emily Dickinson. The message in this poem is we take life for granted and we don’t appreciate it until we are threatened with losing it. Emily used what seems to me as free verse with no apparent rhyme but alliteration at times. This is a Narrative poem that tells a story about a death of a young woman. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the first verse Dickinson was saying when she wrote, â€Å"The last Night that She lived It was a common night Except to the Dying--This to Us Made Nature different† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In that verse the poet was describing that to the ordinary person it was a regular†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Realizing that her life was slipping away, the woman became jealous of the people who were alive and well. They were taking their lives for granted, as she too, did at one time. So far this poem seems to be telling a story about a woman’s death, before and after. This poem was written in Quatrains. Every stanza in the poetry consists of four lines. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Her death was a very long process. When the woman’s loved ones found that out they became saddened. â€Å"Too jostled were our souls to speak† the time to talk to her passed so quickly because they were grieving over her condition. When she was finally dead the days seemed endless. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The woman finally gave up the battle and realized that her time had come to die. We were the ones left behind; and all we had left was the memory to revisit our times together. â€Å"And then and awful leisure was Belief to regulate-† The belief to regulate was how her friends would have to believe they could get through it and get over her death because she wasn’t coming back. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The poem really had a lot of meaning to me. It was a touching narrative poem, which had a big story behind it. The story was about a woman’s last day on earth and the aftermath of her death. It also had an aphorism that you don’t realize what you have until it is gone. The mainShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Emily Dickinson s Poem The Poetries Of Emily Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesThe poetries of Emily Dickinson has intrigued and enthralled many people after her death in 1886. Dickinson is known for leading a mainly reclusive and introverted existence in most of her life, exploring her own world of emotions and feelings through her poetry. Dickinson’s poetry reflects her loneliness and the speaker of her poems generally live in a state of want, but her poems are also marked by the intimate recollection of inspirational moments which are decidedly life giving and suggests theRead MoreAnalysis of Poem 305 by Emily Dickinson1175 Words   |  5 Pages305 Reasons to Love Emily Dickinson Poem #305 The difference between Despair And Fear—is like the One Between the instant of a Wreck And when the Wreck has been— The Mind is smooth—no Motion— Contented as the Eye Upon the Forehead of a Bust— That knows—it cannot see— Dickinsons poetic accomplishment was recognized during her time, but never has she been more acclaimed than she is toady. 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Thus, imagination and enjoyment should not be constrained by the stigma of having a different worldview. Moreover, it uses metaphors to connect both world: the insane and the sane. The opening, â€Å"We Grow accustomed to the Dark.† In this, I found a sense of friendliness with the mentally ill. It uses â€Å"dark† as a metaphor for the insane toRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Dickinson s Poem There s A Certain Slant Of Light1147 Words   |  5 Pagescan either make or break it. Emily Dickinson skillfully incorporates a variety of different methods in her works to enhance their meanings. At first glance her poetry can seem confusing, but simply analyzing at how she structures her poems can give great insight to what she means. Looking at whether each line of the poem ends without punctuation, also known as enjambment can reveal a great deal about a poem. The use of enjambment and end-stops control the flow of the poem. Along with em-dashes, oneRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Dickinson s Poem My Life Had Stood- A Loaded Gun 993 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Dickinson is a very famous and accomplished poet with over 1700 published poems. Several of her poems are similar in theme, and also similar in bringing out human emotions that we humans usually try to avoid. The common theme in most of Dickinson s poems is the wonders of nature, and the identity of self, as well as death and life. The five poems with the common theme of death are: â€Å"My Life had Stood- A Loaded Gun†, â€Å"I Heard A Fly Buzz- When I Died†, â€Å"Behind Me Dips- Eternity†, â€Å"Because IRead MoreEmily Dickinson s `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death `` Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesModernism for Emily Dickinson has to do with the uncertainty. Emily Dickinson was a somber thinker who doesn’t try to enlighten anyone of anything. Her poems were uniquely written and she wrote about the uncertainty, which makes her poetry easy to empathize with in the 21st century. The 21st century, is a period of science which is used as a tool to make sense of the uncertainty. Emily Dickinson uses her poetry as a means to question and observe the t rauma of human existence. For instance, she doesn’tRead MorePoem Analysis : I m Nobody ! Who Are You894 Words   |  4 Pagesare you?† Poem Analysis The poem, â€Å"I’m Nobody! Who are you?† a poem by Emily Dickinson explains that in life it is best to be a humble person than a proud person who need spend their life maintaining their status in front of others. The central focus of this poem is just being humble and being yourselves. By reading her poem she is likely talking about herself also it can inferred she is reclusive and it is supported by Betsy Erkkila in her article discussing about Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Spent herRead MorePsychoanalytic Criticism on Emily Dickinson Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pagestheir mind created such works. When considering the work of Emily Dickinson, psychoanalytic criticism comes into play with the role of explaining the many meanings behind her poetry, as to make the reader relate to such poetry on a deeper level or not to who she was as a human being. Many critics believe that using a psychological criticism approach to understand an author’s literary work leaves common sense behind. For them, such analysis disregards the environment in which an author created theirRead More Literary Analysis of Emily Dickinsons Poetry Essays1053 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis of Emily Dickinsons Poetry   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emily Dickinson is one of the most famous authors in American History, and a good amount of that can be attributed to her uniqueness in writing. In Emily Dickinsons poem Because I could not stop for Death, she characterizes her overarching theme of Death differently than it is usually described through the poetic devices of irony, imagery, symbolism, and word choice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emily Dickinson likes to use many different forms of poetic devices

Philosophy of Health Care for Women Free Essays

Philosophy of Health Care for Women The enhancement of my philosophy of health care for women, through a re- examination of my original three specific concepts emotional, social and spiritual which I would blend with my knowledge that I have gained In this course. Also, how it Is related to the actual clinical care of women. At the end of this quarter, my philosophy of health care for women as expanded. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy of Health Care for Women or any similar topic only for you Order Now The health of the women In any society Is the most essential piece of the health care system In countries around the world. I still believe that the health and well-being of women will determine the future empowerment and economic strength of women-owned businesses In the communities. This Is also the belief of Wall-Mart’s (2011) global women’s economic empowerment Initiative to Improve elite of women and children. It often Involves the empowered developing confidence In their own capacities, In caring for themselves and their families in order to feel empowered. According to Kali (2008) empowerment refers to increasing the spiritual, political, social and economic strength of individuals in the communities. The important part of this empowerment process is helping women understand how their bodies work. Self-Knowledge on a physical and emotional level helps women feel in control of the things that can be controlled. During my clinical care of women this quarter my preceptor and myself encounter a lot of women want to and do make their own decisions. For an example one of our patients took the decisions upon herself that she does not want Pesaro in for support uterine prolapsed. She is 31 years old, GIG 3, PIP. Her religion would not allow her to use any preventive contraceptive. Instead of doing surgery or putting foreign thing in her body she stated that, she still believe that her God will heal her by doing exercise and come back for follow-up in six weeks. In this situation it took gentle, yet firm, teaching of practical skills, informing all of the options of care, and much encouragement to dealt with the care of the woman. I see my role as a women’s health nurse practitioner, as an assistant to the autonomous decision making process of Informed consent; to lay out the options of care for women, answer their questions, give my opinion upon asking, and support heir decision, is the most Important, empowering step In actualization women’s autonomy. As I mentioned before In my first paper that, we look at our bodies, minds, emotions and spirit as If each part Is fully separate from the other rather than totally Intertwined. Western society rewards specialization, the examination of a piece of the whole, Gurus (2001 Every society In the world has felt the need to thoroughly socialize Its citizens Into conformity with Its norms, and colleens derive many benefits technology reflects and perpetuates the value and belief system that underlies it. Pregnancy and chill tidbit is a crucial time in a woman’s elite tort near to explore empowerment. For an example, one of the books that I read this quarter in the Conceptual Frameworks for Women’s Health course by Robbie Davis-Floyd (2004), has written a brilliant feminist analysis of childbirth rites of passage in American culture. These rites, she argues take away women’s power over their bodies, naturally designed to bring life into the world and for no physiological reason give it to the medical system. She believes that society, intimidated by women’s ability to give earth, has designed obstetrical rituals that are far more complex than natural childbirth itself in order to deliver what is from nature into culture. Finally, my philosophy of health care for women at the end of this course is that, women deserve the best that is available in modern medicine; the technocratic, humanistic, and holistic models of medicine also, combined with clear communication and education through the best evidence-based research from health care providers How to cite Philosophy of Health Care for Women, Papers

Auditing and Professional Practice Planning Implies

Question: Describe about the Auditing and Professional Practice for Planning Implies. Answer: Case Study 1(a) Audit planning implies preparing a road map to achieve the audit objectives. The auditor needs to plan for the resources needed for auditing, timing of verification and extent of verification of the financial statements. As per auditing standard 2101, Audit Planning, while planning an audit, the auditor should take into account all the facts and circumstances giving rise to suspicion or reflecting risky situations (PCAOB, 2016). In regard to the current case of City Ltd, the main audit planning issues are identified as under: The business risk is very high as is reflected from the fact that commercial property sector is on downturn due to governmental regulations in the city. Further, the company has not been able to secure any buyer for the projects under process, which gives rise to significant doubt on the companys ability to continue its business (PCAOB, 2016). The business of company is in critical condition and thus, there exists a possibility of manipulations in the books of accounts. The circumstances of the case also warrant that the auditor evaluates legitimacy of the managements use of going concern assumption in preparation of the financial statements (PCAOB, 2016). Case Study 1(b) In the current case of Web Ltd, installation of the new computer software adds to the IT capabilities of the company and requires following audit planning considerations: The auditor needs to take into account the change in the information system of the company occurred due to installation of the new computer software. The internal processes of accounting system would have also got changed due to new information system being installed, thus, auditor should consider a thorough evaluation of the internal control system of the company (Omoteso, 2016). Highly customized computer software also gives rise to the risk of manipulations in the financial statements, thus, the auditor should make a fresh evaluation of the risk of material misstatement (Omoteso, 2016). Case Study 1(c) In this case of Beauty Pty Ltd, the event requiring attention of the auditor while planning the audit is the establishment of a foreign branch. The following audit planning considerations are required: Firstly, the auditor is required to assess the materiality of the foreign operations in the context of overall audit of Beauty Pty Ltd. Second, the auditor should consider employing serious checks on the internal control system in respect of inventory because the inventory is transferred from domestic unit (Pickett, 2006). The auditor should plan the resources needed to verify the book records and assets kept at the foreign branch, if foreign branch is considered material in the context of overall audit. Further, the auditor should take into consideration while planning, the aspects of financial reporting relating to consolidation of the foreign branch operations with the domestic operations in the book records (Pickett, 2006). Case Study 2(a) The test of controls is employed to assess the adequacy of the internal control system while the substantive test is performed to collect persuasive audit evidence. In this regard, following are the general issues encountered in deciding the use of test of control or substantive test: The objective of auditor is the main issue. If the auditor wants assurance in regard to the adequacy of the internal control system, the test of controls will be suitable to employ. However, if the auditor wants corroborative evidences to confirm an amount disclosed in the financial statements, the substantive testing would be more appropriate (Delaney Whittington, 2010). Further, the assessment of risk at the initial level also affects the choice between test of controls and sustentative testing. Case Study 2(b) The inherent and control risk relates to the risk of inadequacies in the internal control system of the entity while the detection risk relates to the auditors verification. The auditor makes initial assessment of the inherent and control risk and based on this assessment, the extent of verification (substantive testing) is determined. At the initial level, if the auditor assesses the inherent and control risk as high, the extent of substantive testing is enhanced to reduce the detection risk. The detection risk is reduced if the auditor collects sufficient audit evidences by performing substantive testing. Thus, in this way the assessment of risk (inherent and control) is related to the choice of audit approach (Delaney Whittington, 2010). Case Study 2(c) In respect of accuracy and completeness of depreciation expense, the inherent and control risk is assessed as low. Further, the auditor plans to employ tests of controls in a stringent way to keep the inherent and control risk low as assessed with few substantive procedures at the yearend (Gray Manson, 2007). In regard to accuracy of the depreciation expense, following audit procedures are preferred: Check the accounting system and level of automation. Check the education level and skills of the staff responsible to process the accounting records. Perform recalculations on test check basis. Further, in regard to completeness assertion of the depreciation expense, following audit procedures are suggested: Perform test of control on the authorization of the purchase and sale of the fixed assets. Tests check the physical available assets with the book records. Case Study 3 The accounting information is communicated through the financial statements to the investors and other stakeholders. These financial statements are prepared by the management of the entity and are thus required to be authenticated by a third party to generate faith among the users (Kaklar, Kangarlouie, Motavassel, 2012). The process of verification and authentication of the financial statements is called auditing. Precisely, auditing is an examination conducted by an independent third party of the information conveyed by the entity through its financial statements. The information given in the financial statements is not only useful for the investors, but it also matters for the government and banks and financial institutions, which have lent money to the entity. The government requires information as regards profits earned by the entity so that tax could be levied appropriately. The lenders require information that assists them to take decision as regards lending to the entity. Since, the financial statements are prepared by the management of the entity and the investors do not take part in day to day management of the business affairs, thus, it is possible that information in the financial statements might have been manipulated for personal gains. In order to curve out these practices, the auditing of the financial statements has been made compulsory by the regulators all around the world (Kaklar, Kangarlouie, Motavassel, 2012). References Delaney, P.R. Whittington, O.R. (2010). Wiley CPA Exam Review 2011, Auditing and Attestation. John Wiley Sons. Gray, I. Manson, S. (2007). The Audit Process: Principles, Practice and Cases. Cengage Learning EMEA. Kaklar, H.M., Kangarlouie, S.J., Motavassel, M. (2012). Audit Quality and Financial Reporting Quality: Case of Tehran Stock Exchange (Tse). Innovative Journal of Business and Management, 1(3), pp. 43-47. Omoteso, K. (2016). Audit Effectiveness: Meeting the IT Challenge. Routledge. PCAOB. (2016). AS2101: Audit Planning. Retrieved November, 27, 2016, from https://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/Pages/AS2101.aspx [Accessed on: 27 November 2016]. Pickett, K.H.S. (2006). Audit Planning: A Risk-Based Approach. John Wiley Sons.

Unit Activity Essays (1019 words) - Mathematics, Elementary Algebra

Unit Activity Unit: Two-Variable Equations, Inequalities, and Graphs This activity will help you meet these educational goals: Mathematical Practices-You will make sense of problems and solve them, reason abstractly and quantitatively, use mathematics to model real-world situations, and look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. Introduction In this unit, you used different methods to create and solve linear equations. You modeled scenarios using linear inequalities and solved them with the help of graphs. In this activity, you will analyze real-world situations by modeling them as equations and looking at their graphs. __________________________________________________________________________ Directions and Analysis Task 1: Deforestation [pic] There are approximately 400 million trees currently growing in the Amazon Rainforest, which covers approximately 5.5 million square kilometers. The rainforest is being cleared at a rate of 20,000 square kilometers per year to make way for new farmland and to harvest wood for building supplies. Before this year, 250,000 square kilometers had already been cleared. A preservation consortium is trying to mitigate the loss of rainforest by planting new trees. They have already planted 3,000 square kilometers of trees and plan to plant 100 square kilometers of trees each year. a. Create an equation to represent the rainforest area deforested, AD, in thousands of square kilometers, after t years. Type your response here: b. Create an equation to represent the rainforest area planted with new trees, AP, in thousands of square kilometers, after t years. Type your response here: c. Use the Edmentum Graphing Tool to graph the equations you created in parts a and b. Specify what each axis represents, and set the scale of each graph to ensure a good view of both graphs. Copy both graphs and paste them in the answer area below. Type your response here: d. How did you choose the scales you used for the graphs? How does using different scales affect the way you compare the two graphs? Type your response here: e. What are the y-intercepts of each function, and what do they represent? Type your response here: f. What area will have been cleared due to deforestation after 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years? Type your response here: |Years From Now |Total Area | | |Cleared | | |(1,000 sq km) | |1 | | |5 | | |10 | | g. What area will have been planted by the preservation consortium after 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years? Type your response here: |Years From Now |Total Area | | |Planted | | |(1,000 sq km) | |1 | | |5 | | |10 | | h. What percentage of the area lost to deforestation will have been replanted by the preservation consortium after 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years? Type your response here: |Years From Now |Percentage | |1 | | |5 | | |10 | | i. Based on your findings, will the preservation consortium ever be able to restore the rainforest to its original size before it is completely cleared? Explain. Type your response here: Task 2: Driving Out of Town [pic] Brent is driving to a conference in another state. Three hours after leaving his home and beginning his drive, Brent is still 470 miles from his destination. After another 4 hours of driving, Brent is 258 miles from his destination. After 9 hours of driving, Brent plans to stop at a hotel for the night and begin his trip again 12 hours later. a. Use the given information to determine the coordinates of two points that represent Brent's distance from his destination based on the amount of time he has spent driving. Type your response here: b. Assuming that Brent's average rate of speed stays consistent during his entire drive, create an equation to represent the distance left to his destination, d, based on the amount of time he has spent driving, t. Write the equation in slope-intercept form. Type your response here: c. Use the Edmentum Graphing Tool to graph the line represented by the equation. Let x represent t and y represent d. Set the scale so the graph can be easily seen and paste the graph below. Type your response here: d. What are the intercepts of the equation, and what do they represent? Type your response here: e. What does the slope of the line represent? Type your response here: f. If Brent's average speed had been faster or slower on his trip, what features of the graph would change and how would they change in each situation. Explain your answers. Type your response here: g. Brent decided that

Parthenon Sculptures

A History of the Elgin Marbles/Parthenon Sculptures The Elgin Marbles are a source of controversy between modern Britain and Greece. Its a collection of stone pieces rescued/removed from the ruins of the Ancient Greek Parthenon in the nineteenth century, and now in demand to be sent back from the British Museum to Greece. In many ways, the Marbles are emblematic of the development of modern ideas of national heritage and global display, which argues that localized regions have the best claim over items produced there. Do the citizens of a modern region have any claim over items produced in that region by people thousands of years ago? There are no easy answers, but many controversial ones. The Elgin Marbles At its broadest, the term Elgin Marbles refers to a collection of stone sculptures and architectural pieces which Thomas Bruce, Seventh Lord Elgin, gathered during his service as ambassador to the court of the Ottoman Sultan in Istanbul. In practice, the term is commonly used to refer to the stone objects he gathered- an official Greek website prefers â€Å"looted†- from Athens between 1801–05, particularly those from the Parthenon; these included 247 feet of a frieze. We believe that Elgin took around half of what was surviving at the Parthenon at that time. The Parthenon items are increasingly, and officially, called the Parthenon Sculptures. In Britain Elgin was heavily interested in Greek history and claimed he had the permission of the Ottomans, the people ruling Athens during his service, to gather his collection. After acquiring the marbles, he transported them to Britain, although one shipment sank during transit; it was fully recovered. In 1816, Elgin sold the stones for  £35,000, half his estimated costs, and they were acquired by the British Museum in London, but only after a Parliamentary Select Committee- a very high-level  body of inquiry- debated the legality of Elgin’s ownership. Elgin had been attacked by campaigners (then as now) for â€Å"vandalism,† but Elgin argued the sculptures would be better cared for in Britain and cited his permissions, documentation which campaigners for the return of the Marbles often now believe supports their claims. The committee allowed the Elgin Marbles to stay in Britain. They are now displayed by the British Museum. The Parthenon Diaspora The Parthenon and its sculptures/marbles have a history which stretches back 2500 years when it was built to honor a goddess called Athena. It has been a Christian church and a Muslim mosque. It has been ruined since 1687 when gunpowder stored inside exploded and attackers bombarded the structure. Over the centuries, the stones which both constituted and adorned the Parthenon had been damaged, especially during the explosion, and many have been removed from Greece. As of 2009, the surviving Parthenon sculptures are divided among museums in eight nations, including the British Museum, the Louvre, the Vatican collection, and a new, purpose-built museum in Athens. The majority of the Parthenon Sculptures are split evenly between London and Athens. Greece Pressure for the return of the marbles to Greece has been growing, and since the 1980s the Greek government has officially asked for them to be permanently repatriated. They argue that the marbles are a prime piece of Greek heritage and were removed with the permission of what was effectively a foreign government, as Greek independence only occurred a few years after Elgin was collecting. They also argue that the British Museum has no legal right to the sculptures. Arguments that Greece had nowhere to adequately display the marbles because they can’t be satisfactorily replaced in Parthenon have been made null and void by the creation of a new  £115 million Acropolis Museum with a floor recreating the Parthenon. In addition, massive works to restore and stabilize the Parthenon and the Acropolis have been, and are being, carried out. The British Museum’s Response The British Museum has basically said no to the Greeks. Their official position, as given on their website in 2009, is: â€Å"The British Museum’s Trustees argue that the Parthenon Sculptures are integral to the Museum’s purpose as a world museum telling the story of human cultural achievement. Here Greece’s cultural links with the other great civilizations of the ancient world, especially Egypt, Assyria, Persia, and Rome can be clearly seen, and the vital contribution of ancient Greece to the development of later cultural achievements in Europe, Asia, and Africa can be followed and understood. The current division of the surviving sculptures between museums in eight countries, with about equal quantities present in Athens and London, allows different and complementary stories to be told about them, focusing respectively on their importance for the history of Athens and Greece, and their significance for world culture. This, the Museum’s Trustees believe, is an arrangement that gives maximum public benefit for the world at large and affirms the universal nature of the Gree k legacy.† The British Museum has also claimed they have a right to keep the Elgin Marbles because they effectively saved them from further damage. Ian Jenkins was quoted by the BBC, while associated with the British Museum, as saying â€Å"If Lord Elgin did not act as he did, the sculptures would not survive as they do. And the proof of that as a fact is merely to look at the things that were left behind in Athens.† Yet the British Museum has also admitted that the sculptures were damaged by â€Å"heavy-handed† cleaning, although the precise level of damage is disputed by campaigners in Britain and Greece. Pressure continues to build, and as we live in a celebrity-driven world, some have weighed in. George Clooney and his wife Amal are the most high profile celebrities to call for the marbles to be sent to Greece, and his comments received what is, perhaps, best described as a mixed reaction in Europe. The marbles are far from the only item in a museum which another country would like back, but they are among the best known, and many people resistant to their transfer fear the complete dissolution of the western museum world should the floodgates be open. In 2015, the Greek government declined to take legal action over the marbles, interpreted as a sign that there is no legal right behind Greek demands.

Company Law 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Company Law 2 - Essay Example 5. Regulation 66 of Table A is amended by replacing 'but shall not be entitled to receive any remuneration from the company for his services as an alternate director' with the following sentence: 'An alternate director shall not be entitled to remuneration from the company for his services as an alternate director except that he may be paid by the company such part of the remuneration otherwise payable to his appointor as the appointor specifies by notice to the company'. 6. Regulation 72 of Table A is amended by replacing the first sentence with the following: 'The directors may delegate any of their powers to a committee consisting of such persons as they think fit provided that a majority of the members of the committee are directors'. 7. Regulation 81 of Table A is amended by replacing paragraph (e) with: 'he fails to attend three successive board meetings despite a notice being given to him prior to the third meeting that the provisions of this paragraph might apply and all the other directors (excluding the director concerned and, in his capacity as such, any alternate director appointed by the director) resolve that his office should be vacated'. (b) The 2006 annual general meeting of Vunce Ltd... s despite a notice being given to him prior to the third meeting that the provisions of this paragraph might apply and all the other directors (excluding the director concerned and, in his capacity as such, any alternate director appointed by the director) resolve that his office should be vacated'. PROCEEDINGS OF DIRECTORS 8. Regulation 89 of Table A is amended by adding after 'unless so fixed at any other number shall be two' the words 'except when there is a sole director in which event he shall constitute a quorum'. Please answer the following questions on the meaning and effect of the articles of association. (a) The directors wish to sign a unanimous written resolution instead of holding a board meeting. Which resolution, if any, allows them to do this This can be done via an ordinary resolution of a simple majority, which is fine because it is unanimous. (b) The 2006 annual general meeting of Vunce Ltd is due to start in the Islington Business Design Centre at 9.00 am, Monday 15 May 2006. After 33 minutes there is still no quorum. The directors are prepared to follow the articles for arranging the adjourned meeting except that they have decided that the meeting shall start at 10.30 am to allow for possible transport delays in the morning. State the actual time, date and place of the adjourned meeting: Islington Business Design Centre at 10:30am Monday 15th May 2006 (c) What is the quorum for general meetings according to the articles of association Three persons entitled to vote on the business to be transacted, being a member or a proxy for a member or a duly authorized representative of a corporation, shall be a quorum'. (d) Apart from members, who may attend and speak at separate class meetings The persons entitled to attend and speak at general meetings